Bab 3: The World in Words: Story from Every Corner

Kata kunci: Narrative Text, Direct and Indirect Speech, Past Tense, Storytelling, Cultural Values

Tujuan pembelajaran

• Understand How Narratives Are Built
  • Identify the orientation, complication, and resolution in a story.
  • Analyze how cultural diversity and moral lessons are conveyed in narratives.
  • Write engaging narratives with clear settings, characters, and events.
• Use Direct and Indirect Speech Effectively
  • Identify the differences between direct and indirect speech in various contexts.
  • Transform direct speech into indirect speech, considering changes in tenses, pronouns, and time expressions.
• Discover How to Use the Past Tense
  • Identify and use simple past, past continuous, past perfect, and past perfect continuous correctly.
  • Connect actions in the past using past perfect and simple past to show cause and effect.

Isi bab ini

Rangkuman

• Narrative Text
  • The purpose of narrative texts is to entertain, educate, and inspire.
  • Structure: Orientation (introduces the setting, characters, and situation), Complication (presents a problem or conflict that drives the story), Resolution (shows how the problem is resolved, often with a lesson or moral).
  • The elements of narrative text: setting, characters, plot, conflict, theme, point of view (pov), and moral/lesson.
• Direct and Indirect Speech
  • Direct speech quotes the speaker's exact words. Example: Maria said, "I am happy."
  • Indirect speech paraphrases the message without using quotation marks. Example: Maria said that she was happy.
• Past Tense
  • Past tense describes actions, events, or situations that happened in the past.
  • Types: Simple past (completed actions), Past Continuous (ongoing actions in the past), Past Perfect (actions completed before another past event), Past Perfect Continuous (ongoing actions completed before a past event).
  • Structure — Simple past: (+) S + V2 + O, (-) S + did + not + V1 + O.
  • Structure — Past continuous: (+) S + was/were + V-ing + O, (-) S + was/were + not + V-ing + O.
  • Structure — Past perfect: (+) S + had + V3, (-) S + had + not + V3.
  • Structure — Past perfect continuous: (+) S + had + been + V-ing, (-) S + had + not + been + V-ing.